Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the skin, causing the formation of red, scaly patches. Although primarily considered a skin disorder, psoriasis also has profound effects on various systems within the body.

The condition’s underlying mechanisms lead to systemic inflammation, which can result in several changes throughout the body. Understanding these changes is crucial for comprehending the full impact of psoriasis on patients’ health and well-being. In this article, we will explore the various alterations that occur in the body due to psoriasis.

1. Immune System Dysregulation

A key feature of psoriasis is the dysregulation of the immune system. In individuals with psoriasis, certain immune cells, called T cells, become overactive.

These hyperactive T cells trigger an inflammatory response, leading to the rapid production of skin cells.

2. Skin Manifestations

The most evident changes in the body due to psoriasis occur on the skin. Psoriatic plaques, characterized by red, scaly patches, typically develop on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.

These plaques vary in severity, with some individuals experiencing mild symptoms while others face more extensive skin involvement.

3. Joint Involvement and Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriasis can also affect the joints, leading to a condition known as psoriatic arthritis. Approximately 30% of individuals with psoriasis develop this inflammatory joint disease.

Psoriatic arthritis involves joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and can significantly impact mobility and quality of life.

4. Cardiovascular Complications

Studies have shown a substantial association between psoriasis and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The chronic inflammation occurring in psoriasis contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque formation in the arteries. This raises the likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications.

5. Metabolic Syndrome

Psoriasis is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions including obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal lipid levels, and insulin resistance.

These metabolic abnormalities further amplify the risk of cardiovascular disease, making it imperative for individuals with psoriasis to manage their overall health proactively.

6. Psychological Impact

Psoriasis can have a significant psychological impact on those affected. Due to the visible nature of the condition, individuals with psoriasis often experience feelings of embarrassment, low self-esteem, and depression.

The social stigma associated with the disease can also lead to social withdrawal and decreased quality of life.

7. Endocrine Dysfunction

Research has shown a link between psoriasis and various endocrine disorders. Some studies suggest an increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, such as hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, in individuals with psoriasis.

Furthermore, alterations in the regulation of blood sugar levels have also been observed, increasing the risk of developing diabetes.

8. Reduced Bone Density

Psoriasis has been associated with reduced bone density or osteoporosis. Chronic inflammation, combined with the use of corticosteroids, can contribute to bone loss over time. This increases the risk of fractures and other bone-related complications.

9. Liver Involvement

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more prevalent in individuals with psoriasis compared to the general population. This condition occurs when fat accumulates in the liver, potentially leading to inflammation and scarring.

The underlying systemic inflammation in psoriasis likely plays a role in the development of NAFLD.

10. Impact on Sleep

Psoriasis can disrupt an individual’s sleep pattern and quality. The symptoms associated with the condition, such as itching and discomfort, can make it challenging to get a good night’s sleep.

Sleep disturbances, in turn, can exacerbate the fatigue and stress commonly experienced by individuals with psoriasis.