Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It is a common condition that affects many individuals, especially those in their middle ages.

In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for frozen shoulder.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not yet fully understood. However, there are several factors that may increase the risk of developing this condition. These include:.

Age: Frozen shoulder typically affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 60.
Gender: Women are more likely to develop frozen shoulder than men.
Previous shoulder injury or surgery: People who have had a previous shoulder injury or surgery are at a higher risk.
Certain medical conditions: Individuals with diabetes, thyroid disorders, or cardiovascular disease are more prone to developing frozen shoulder.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

The hallmark symptom of frozen shoulder is a progressive loss of shoulder mobility and pain. The symptoms typically develop gradually and can be divided into three stages:.

Stage 1: Freezing Stage

In this stage, the shoulder starts to experience pain with any movement. The range of motion begins to decrease, and the shoulder becomes stiff.

Stage 2: Frozen Stage

The pain may begin to diminish in this stage, but the shoulder becomes even stiffer. Daily activities and simple tasks become challenging to perform.

Stage 3: Thawing Stage

In the final stage, the range of motion in the shoulder slowly improves, and the pain subsides. However, the recovery process can take months to years.

Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder

Diagnosing frozen shoulder involves a thorough examination of the shoulder joint and a patient’s medical history. The healthcare provider may perform various tests, including:.

Physical examination: The doctor will assess the range of motion, strength, and pain levels in the shoulder joint.
Imaging tests: X-rays or MRI scans may be ordered to rule out other conditions such as shoulder arthritis or rotator cuff tears.

Treatment Options for Frozen Shoulder

Although frozen shoulder can be a painful and debilitating condition, several treatment options are available to help alleviate symptoms and restore shoulder function.

The treatment plan may vary depending on the severity and stage of frozen shoulder and may include:.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the management of frozen shoulder. A physical therapist will guide the patient through exercises and stretches to improve range of motion and reduce stiffness.

Medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation associated with frozen shoulder. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be administered directly into the shoulder joint to provide relief.

Hydrodilatation

Hydrodilatation involves injecting a sterile fluid, such as saline, into the shoulder joint to stretch and expand the capsule, relieving stiffness and improving mobility. This procedure is often performed under imaging guidance.

Joint Distension

Joint distension is a procedure in which the shoulder joint is distended with sterile water or saline to help break up adhesions and improve joint movement.

Surgical Intervention

If conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgical intervention may be considered. Arthroscopic surgery or manipulation under anesthesia can help release the stiff shoulder joint and restore mobility.

Prevention and Self-Care

While it may not be possible to prevent frozen shoulder entirely, there are some self-care measures that can help reduce the risk and alleviate symptoms:.

Perform regular shoulder exercises to maintain joint mobility.
Avoid activities that cause excessive strain on the shoulder joint.
Apply ice packs to the shoulder for pain relief.
Practice proper posture and avoid prolonged immobilization of the shoulder.

Conclusion

Frozen shoulder can significantly impact a person’s quality of life by causing pain and limiting shoulder movement. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for managing this condition effectively.

With proper medical care and therapeutic interventions, individuals with frozen shoulder can experience relief and regain shoulder function.