Cystoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to visually examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. It involves the use of a cystoscope, a thin tube with a light and camera at its end.

This procedure is typically performed when there are suspected bladder issues that cannot be effectively diagnosed through non-invasive means. In this article, we will explore the situations in which cystoscopy is necessary for bladder issues.

1. Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Recurrent UTIs can be a sign of an underlying bladder problem.

If a person experiences multiple UTIs within a short period of time, their doctor may recommend a cystoscopy to evaluate the bladder for any abnormalities such as stones, tumors, or structural issues that may be contributing to the infections.

2. Blood in the urine

Blood in the urine, known as hematuria, can indicate a range of conditions, including infections, kidney stones, or bladder cancer.

Cystoscopy allows for a direct examination of the bladder’s inner lining, helping doctors identify the cause of blood in the urine and determine the appropriate treatment.

3. Unexplained urinary symptoms

If a person experiences persistent urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, urinary incontinence, or difficulty urinating without an obvious cause, cystoscopy may be recommended.

This procedure can help identify the underlying reason for these symptoms, which can range from bladder muscle problems to bladder stones.

4. Interstitial cystitis

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic condition characterized by bladder pain and urinary frequency. While there is no definitive test for IC, cystoscopy can assist in ruling out other possible causes of these symptoms.

During the procedure, the doctor may also perform bladder biopsies to help confirm the diagnosis.

5. Bladder stones

Bladder stones are hard mineral deposits that can form in the bladder. They can cause pain, frequent urination, and a range of other symptoms. Cystoscopy is often used to identify the presence and location of bladder stones.

In some cases, specialized instruments may be used during the procedure to remove or break up the stones.

6. Bladder trauma or injury

If someone experiences trauma or injury to their bladder, such as from a fall or accident, a cystoscopy may be performed to assess the extent of the damage. This can help determine the appropriate course of treatment and ensure proper healing.

7. Urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine, which can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.

Cystoscopy can aid in evaluating the structure and function of the bladder and identifying any issues contributing to the incontinence. This information can guide the selection of appropriate treatment options.

8. Urinary retention

Urinary retention refers to the inability to empty the bladder fully. Cystoscopy can help identify the cause of urinary retention, which can range from blockages to nerve problems.

Depending on the findings, treatment options can include catheterization, medication, or surgical procedures.

9. Bladder cancer surveillance

For individuals with a history of bladder cancer or a high risk of developing it, regular cystoscopies may be recommended for surveillance purposes.

Cystoscopy allows doctors to monitor the bladder’s inner lining for any signs of cancer recurrence or new tumor growth, facilitating early detection and timely intervention.

In addition to the above-mentioned situations, cystoscopy may also be necessary for evaluating and diagnosing other bladder-related conditions, such as bladder polyps, bladder diverticula (pouches), or urinary tract abnormalities present from birth.

In Summary

Cystoscopy is a valuable tool in diagnosing and managing a variety of bladder issues.

Whether it’s recurrent UTIs, unexplained urinary symptoms, blood in the urine, or bladder cancer surveillance, this procedure allows doctors to obtain a direct visual inspection of the bladder, enabling accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.