Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease that affects the cornea, leading to a distortion of vision and vision loss. It is often diagnosed in young adults and can worsen over time if not treated.

While the exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, it is believed to have genetic and environmental factors. Some people are more vulnerable than others to developing this condition.

Genetic Factors

Research has shown that keratoconus can run in families, indicating a genetic component. It is estimated that up to 10% of individuals with keratoconus have a family member with the condition.

Furthermore, certain populations are more vulnerable to keratoconus due to their genetic makeup. For example, people of Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, and South Asian descent have a higher incidence of keratoconus.

Environmental Factors

While genetics play a role, it is not the only factor in the development of keratoconus. Environmental factors can also increase a person’s vulnerability.

For example, rubbing the eyes excessively can lead to the thinning of the cornea and increase the risk of developing keratoconus. Additionally, those who have certain conditions, such as atopic dermatitis or Down syndrome, have a higher incidence of developing keratoconus.

Contact Lens Wearers

People who wear contact lenses may be more vulnerable to developing keratoconus. This is because contact lenses can cause irritation or injury to the cornea, leading to thinning and distortion of the cornea over time.

Additionally, improper contact lens use, such as wearing them for too long or not cleaning them properly, can increase the risk of developing keratoconus.

Post-LASIK Patients

Individuals who have had LASIK surgery are also at risk for developing keratoconus. While the procedure is generally safe, it can weaken the cornea and increase the vulnerability to developing keratoconus.

Furthermore, the suction ring used during LASIK surgery can cause temporary changes in the cornea, which can ultimately lead to the development of keratoconus.

Conclusion

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease that affects the cornea and can distort vision and vision loss.

While genetics play a role, environmental factors can also increase a person’s vulnerability, such as excessive eye rubbing or certain medical conditions. Contact lens wearers and post-LASIK patients may also be more vulnerable to developing keratoconus. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing the disease and preventing further vision loss.