Have you ever read the label of your prescription medication and noticed a warning not to consume grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking the medication? This warning is not to be taken lightly, as grapefruit can interact with certain medications, leading to potentially serious side effects.

What is in Grapefruit?

Grapefruit contains a group of compounds called furanocoumarins, which can interfere with the way certain medications are metabolized in the body.

These compounds inhibit an enzyme called cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which is responsible for breaking down many medications in the liver. When this enzyme is inhibited, it can lead to a buildup of medication in the body, which can increase the risk of side effects.

What Medications Can Interact with Grapefruit?

Many medications can interact with grapefruit, including:.

Statins, used to lower cholesterol levels
Blood pressure medications, such as nifedipine and felodipine
Immunosuppressants, used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients
Antihistamines, such as fexofenadine
Some psychiatric medications, including some antidepressants and antipsychotics
Some anti-anxiety medications, including buspirone

What are the Risk Factors?

The risks of grapefruit-medication interactions are highest for older adults, as well as those with kidney or liver problems.

However, anyone taking medication should be aware of the potential risks of grapefruit, and should speak with their doctor or pharmacist if they have any concerns.

What are the Symptoms of Grapefruit-Medication Interactions?

Symptoms of grapefruit-medication interactions vary depending on the medication in question, as well as the dose and frequency of grapefruit consumption. Some of the more common symptoms include:.

Nausea and vomiting
Muscle pain and weakness
Increased risk of kidney damage
Increased risk of rhabdomyolysis, a potentially life-threatening condition in which muscle fibers break down and enter the bloodstream
Increased risk of liver damage
Increased risk of irregular heartbeat
Increased risk of dizziness and fainting

How to Avoid Grapefruit-Medication Interactions?

If you’re taking medication, there are a few simple steps you can take to reduce the risk of grapefruit-medication interactions:.

Read the label of your medication carefully, and look for any warnings about grapefruit or grapefruit juice
Speak with your doctor or pharmacist about any medications you’re taking, and ask about potential interactions with grapefruit or other foods
Avoid consuming grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking medication, unless your doctor or pharmacist has told you it’s safe to do so
If you’re unsure about whether a medication can interact with grapefruit, ask your doctor or pharmacist

The Bottom Line

Grapefruit may seem like a harmless fruit, but it can interact with many medications, leading to potentially serious side effects.

If you’re taking medication, it’s important to be aware of the risks of grapefruit-medication interactions, and to take steps to reduce your risk. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have any concerns about grapefruit and your medication.