Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder that affects the movement of an individual. It develops gradually and is caused by the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine.

The decrease in dopamine levels leads to a variety of symptoms that vary from person to person. Here are the top ten manifestations of Parkinson’s disease:.

1. Tremors

Tremors are the most common and well-known symptom of Parkinson’s disease. They usually begin in the hands or fingers and may worsen when the affected person is at rest or under stress.

Tremors are rhythmic and can often be alleviated by intentional movement.

2. Bradykinesia

Bradykinesia refers to the slowness and difficulty in initiating and performing voluntary movements. Parkinson’s patients may struggle with simple tasks like buttoning a shirt or walking.

They may also experience a loss of facial expression and reduced blinking.

3. Rigidity

Rigidity is characterized by stiffness and increased resistance to movement in the muscles. It can affect any part of the body and may cause discomfort or pain. Parkinson’s patients often have a stooped posture and reduced arm swing while walking.

4. Postural Instability

Postural instability is a common feature of Parkinson’s disease, particularly in its later stages. Individuals may experience a decreased ability to maintain an upright position and may be more prone to falls.

Their balance and coordination are significantly affected.

5. Freezing

Freezing refers to a sudden and temporary inability to initiate movements, particularly while walking. Parkinson’s patients may feel as if their feet are glued to the ground and struggle to take their next step.

It often occurs when transitioning between movements or in tight spaces.

6. Micrographia

Micrographia refers to the progressive reduction in handwriting size. Parkinson’s disease can cause individuals to write with smaller and more cramped letters over time.

This manifestation can significantly impact daily tasks like writing or signing documents.

7. Speech and Swallowing Difficulties

Parkinson’s disease can lead to speech problems such as soft voice, slurred speech, or a monotonous tone. Swallowing difficulties, known as dysphagia, may also occur as the disease progresses.

This can cause challenges in eating and increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

8. Sleep Disorders

Sleep disturbances are common among individuals with Parkinson’s disease. They may experience insomnia, vivid dreaming, restless leg syndrome, or even sudden movements during sleep.

These disruptions can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue.

9. Cognitive Changes

Parkinson’s disease can also affect cognitive function. Individuals may experience difficulties with memory, concentration, multitasking, and problem-solving.

These cognitive changes can impact daily activities and significantly reduce quality of life.

10. Depression and Anxiety

Depression and anxiety are common psychological manifestations of Parkinson’s disease.

The changes in brain chemistry, combined with the challenges posed by the physical symptoms, can lead to feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and increased worry or fear.