Pregnancy is a delicate phase in a woman’s life and requires utmost care and attention. Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion is one of the most common complications that can occur during pregnancy.

It is estimated that 10-20% of all pregnancies end up in spontaneous abortion. However, the human body has its own way of preventing a miscarriage, and this involves the secretion of a hormone called progesterone.

What is Progesterone?

Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries, and it is essential for successful conception, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy.

Progesterone prepares the uterus to create a comfortable environment for the growing fetus and stops the uterus from contracting, ensuring that the fetus is safely positioned in the womb.

Progesterone also stimulates the growth of blood vessels in the uterine lining, which provide oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. Additionally, this hormone helps in the development of breast tissue in preparation for lactation.

Role of Progesterone in Preventing Miscarriage

During the first trimester of pregnancy, progesterone levels rise rapidly, which is necessary for the development of the fetus. If the progesterone levels are low, the chances of miscarriage increase.

In such cases, supplementing with progesterone can help prevent a miscarriage.

Once the fetus reaches a certain level of development, the placenta takes over the production of progesterone. The placenta produces high levels of progesterone throughout the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

This ensures that the uterus remains relaxed and prevents preterm labor.

Progesterone Deficiency and Miscarriage

Progesterone deficiency can lead to a higher risk of miscarriage. Low levels of progesterone can cause contractions of the uterine muscles, leading to miscarriage.

Additionally, insufficient progesterone levels can result in an inadequate blood supply to the placenta, which can cause miscarriage or fetal growth retardation.

Progesterone deficiency is common during the first trimester of pregnancy, and is more likely to occur in women with a history of miscarriages or those who have undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Diagnosing Progesterone Deficiency

Progesterone deficiency can be diagnosed with a blood test that measures progesterone levels. If levels are found to be low, supplemental progesterone may be prescribed to prevent a miscarriage.

Progesterone Supplements

Progesterone supplements are available in the form of oral pills, vaginal gels or creams, and injections. The most common form of progesterone supplementation is through vaginal gels or creams.

These are preferred over oral pills as they bypass the liver, ensuring that more progesterone reaches the uterus.

Side Effects of Progesterone Supplements

Progesterone supplements can have some side-effects, including:.

Nausea
Bloating
Headaches
Depression
Skin irritation (in case of creams or gels)

If you experience any of these side effects, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider.

Conclusion

Progesterone is an essential hormone during pregnancy, and its deficiency can lead to a higher risk of miscarriage. Early diagnosis and treatment of progesterone deficiency can help prevent miscarriage.

If you are experiencing symptoms of progesterone deficiency, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Your healthcare provider will be able to diagnose the issue and suggest appropriate treatment.