Abdominal pain is a common complaint among individuals of all ages. The discomfort can vary from mild, dull discomfort to severe, sharp pain that affects your daily activities.

The location of the pain also differs from person to person, from the upper, middle, or lower abdomen to the right or left side of the belly.

The causes of abdominal pain are diverse, ranging from minor and self-resolving conditions to life-threatening medical emergencies. In this article, we will provide an overview of the common causes and symptoms associated with abdominal pain.

1. Indigestion

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a medical condition that refers to the discomfort or pain in the upper middle part of the abdomen. Indigestion usually happens after eating or drinking, but it can also occur on an empty stomach.

The symptoms of indigestion may include bloating, belching, nausea, and a burning sensation in the upper abdomen. The causes of indigestion can range from overeating, eating too fast, or consuming spicy or greasy foods.

In some cases, indigestion can also be a symptom of an underlying medical condition such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

2. Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, is an inflammatory condition that affects the stomach and intestines. The symptoms of gastroenteritis include abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.

This condition is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection and can last for a few days to a week. Gastroenteritis can also lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance if not treated promptly.

3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS is a chronic condition that affects the large intestine and can cause abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. The symptoms of IBS can be worsened by food, stress, hormones, and other triggers.

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with gut-brain signals and gut dysmotility.

4. Ulcers

Ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. The symptoms of ulcers include abdominal pain, bloating, indigestion, and acid reflux.

Ulcers can be caused by a bacterial infection known as Helicobacter pylori or the prolonged use of anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Treatment for ulcers often involves antibiotics to clear the bacterial infection and proton pump inhibitors to reduce stomach acid production.

5. Appendicitis

Appendicitis is a medical emergency that occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and infected.

The symptoms of appendicitis include sudden, severe abdominal pain that starts around the belly button and moves to the lower right side of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. If left untreated, appendicitis can cause the appendix to burst, leading to a serious infection known as peritonitis.

6. Gallstones

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in the gallbladder. The symptoms of gallstones include sudden, severe upper right abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Gallstones can be caused by a diet high in fat and cholesterol or prolonged fasting. Treatment for gallstones often involves surgical removal of the gallbladder.

7. Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach.

The symptoms of pancreatitis include severe upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever, and rapid heartbeat. Pancreatitis can be caused by gallstones, alcohol abuse, or high levels of triglycerides in the blood. Severe cases of pancreatitis can lead to tissue damage and organ failure.

8. Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain when passing through the urinary tract. The symptoms of kidney stones include sudden, sharp pain in the lower back or abdomen, nausea, and vomiting.

Kidney stones can be caused by dehydration, high levels of calcium or oxalate in the urine, or certain medical conditions.

9. Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. The symptoms of ectopic pregnancy include severe abdominal pain on one side, vaginal bleeding, and dizziness.

Ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent serious complications such as infertility or rupture of the fallopian tube.

10. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a medical condition that refers to the bulging of the abdominal aorta, the main blood vessel that supplies blood to the lower body.

The symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm include sudden, severe abdominal or back pain, clammy skin, and rapid heartbeat. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent a rupture, which can be life-threatening.

Abdominal pain can be a symptom of various medical conditions, ranging from minor issues to life-threatening emergencies. If you experience severe or persistent abdominal pain, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

By understanding the potential causes and symptoms of abdominal pain, you can better manage your discomfort and seek appropriate medical care if needed.