Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist. It is often associated with repetitive motions, such as typing on a keyboard, but it can also be caused by other factors.

In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, highlighting the fact that it is more than just a typing injury.

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm to the hand, becomes compressed or squeezed as it passes through the carpal tunnel.

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist formed by bones and ligaments. When the median nerve is compressed, it can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers.

Causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

While repetitive motions, such as typing or using a computer mouse, are often associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, there are other factors that can contribute to its development. Some common causes include:.

1. Genetics

Certain individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing carpal tunnel syndrome. Some people have a narrower carpal tunnel or a smaller median nerve, making them more susceptible to compression.

2. Hand and wrist position

Prolonged or repetitive activities that involve awkward hand and wrist positions can increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome.

This includes activities such as working with vibrating tools, using hand tools with a bent wrist, or performing tasks that involve extreme wrist flexion or extension.

3. Medical conditions

Various medical conditions can contribute to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. These include diabetes, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and pregnancy.

These conditions can cause inflammation and swelling, which can compress the median nerve.

4. Obesity

Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome. Excess body weight can put additional pressure on the carpal tunnel, leading to nerve compression.

Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome can vary from person to person, but some of the most common signs include:.

1. Pain or discomfort

Individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome often experience pain or discomfort in the hand, wrist, or forearm. The pain may radiate up the arm or down into the fingers.

2. Numbness and tingling

Numbness and tingling in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger are common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. These sensations may come and go or persist throughout the day.

3. Weakness and clumsiness

Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause weakness in the hand and difficulty with fine motor tasks, such as buttoning a shirt or gripping objects. Individuals may also experience clumsiness or a tendency to drop things due to impaired dexterity.

Diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome

If you suspect you have carpal tunnel syndrome, it is important to see a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis. The following diagnostic methods may be used:.

1. Medical history and physical examination

During the initial assessment, the healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. They will also perform a physical examination to assess your hand, wrist, and arm for any signs of nerve compression.

2. Nerve conduction study

A nerve conduction study measures the speed at which electrical impulses travel through the median nerve. This test can determine if there is any nerve damage or compression.

3. Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) involves the insertion of small needles into the muscles to evaluate their electrical activity. This test can help determine the extent of nerve damage and identify the specific muscles affected.

Treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome

There are several treatment options available for carpal tunnel syndrome, depending on the severity of symptoms and individual factors. Some common treatment approaches include:.

1. Conservative treatments

In mild cases, conservative treatments may be sufficient to alleviate symptoms. These can include wrist splinting, activity modification, pain medication, and corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

2. Physical therapy

Physical therapy can be beneficial for individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome. Therapeutic exercises and stretches can help improve flexibility, strength, and range of motion in the affected hand and wrist.

3. Surgical intervention

In severe cases of carpal tunnel syndrome or when conservative treatments have failed, surgical intervention may be necessary. The most common surgical procedure for carpal tunnel syndrome is carpal tunnel release.

This involves cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel to relieve pressure on the median nerve.

Lifestyle modifications for carpal tunnel syndrome

In addition to medical and surgical treatments, certain lifestyle modifications can help manage and prevent carpal tunnel syndrome. Some recommendations include:.

1. Taking breaks

If you perform repetitive tasks that involve the use of your hands and wrists, take frequent breaks to rest and stretch your muscles.

2. Improving ergonomics

Ensure that your workstation is set up ergonomically. This includes using an ergonomic keyboard and mouse, adjusting your chair and desk height, and maintaining proper posture.

3. Using proper hand and wrist positions

Pay attention to your hand and wrist positions during activities. Avoid extremes of flexion or extension and maintain a neutral wrist position whenever possible.