Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that involves examining the colon or large intestine, and rectum with a camera. It is a way of detecting any signs of diseases, including cancer, in the colon and rectum.

What Actually Happens During a Colonoscopy?

A gastroenterologist performs a colonoscopy, a procedure that takes between 30-60 minutes. The doctor first administers a sedative to the patient to make them feel comfortable and relaxed.

Then, the doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera attached (colonoscope) into the rectum while guiding it through the colon. They closely examine the lining of the colon for abnormalities such as growths (polyps), ulcers, bleeding, or inflammation.

Why Do I Need a Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopies are mostly done as a screening procedure to detect colon cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases early when they are more treatable. Other reasons why your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy include:.

If you experience abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or changes in bowel habits
If you have a family history of colon cancer or polyps
If you have a personal history of colon cancer or polyps
If you have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
To monitor the effectiveness of treatment for colon polyps, colon cancer, or IBD

What Should I Expect Before a Colonoscopy?

Your doctor will give you detailed instructions to prepare for a colonoscopy. Here are some of the things you will likely be required to do:.

Eliminating solid food from your diet and only consuming clear liquids for 1 to 3 days before the procedure
Taking laxatives or enemas to empty your colon
Avoiding blood-thinning medications before the procedure
Stopping medications for diabetes, high blood pressure, and other conditions

What Should I Expect After a Colonoscopy?

After a colonoscopy, the doctor will brief you on the findings. In most cases, there will be no abnormalities, and the patient can safely continue with their normal activities.

However, if the doctor discovers polyps, they may have to remove them and send them for further testing. In such cases, you may have to avoid strenuous activities for a few days after the procedure. The doctor may also prescribe medication if there is any bleeding or pain.

What Are the Risks and Complications of Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is typically a safe and straightforward procedure, but like all medical procedures, it carries some risks. The most common risks include:.

Bleeding (especially if the doctor had to remove a polyp)
Perforation (a hole in the colon or rectum wall)
Reaction to the sedative

The chances of these complications happening are very rare. However, they may require further treatment in some cases.

Final Thoughts

Colonoscopy is a vital procedure that can detect and prevent colon cancer from developing. If your doctor recommends a colonoscopy, do not hesitate to get one.

Follow the instructions from your doctor before the procedure to prepare yourself adequately and minimize any potential risks.