Influenza and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses caused by viruses. Although both can result in similar symptoms, there are important differences between the two.

Understanding the differences in symptoms can help in identifying the infection and selecting the appropriate treatment.

Influenza Symptoms

Influenza, commonly called the flu, is a viral infection that is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person sneezes or coughs.

Influenza symptoms typically develop about 1-4 days after exposure to the virus and can last for up to a week. Symptoms may include:.

Fever (usually high)
Headache
Muscle aches
Fatigue
Weakness
Sore throat
Cough
Runny or stuffy nose
Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children than adults)

Influenza symptoms are usually more severe than those of a cold and come on more rapidly. The fever is generally higher and muscle and body aches may be more prominent.

Cold Symptoms

The common cold is also caused by a viral infection, usually several different viruses. Over 200 viruses can cause the common cold. Symptoms typically appear 1-3 days after exposure to the virus and can last up to 2 weeks. Symptoms may include:.

Runny or stuffy nose
Sore throat
Cough
Congestion
Sneezing
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle aches
Mild fever (less common in adults)

Cold symptoms are generally milder than influenza symptoms and come on more gradually. There is usually no fever or only a mild fever. Muscle aches are less common and less severe than with influenza.

Differences between Influenza and Cold Symptoms

Influenza symptoms are generally more severe than those of a cold and include symptoms that are less likely to occur with a cold:.

High fever (above 101°F)
Headache
Muscle aches and body aches
Fatigue
Weakness
Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children than adults)

Runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, and congestion are symptoms common to both influenza and the common cold. However, these symptoms are usually more severe with influenza.

Symptoms in Children

Children may have more severe symptoms with both influenza and colds than adults, as their immune systems are not fully developed. Children may also have additional symptoms that may not be present in adults:.

Irritability
Loss of appetite
Ear pain

Children with the flu may also experience more severe symptoms such as high fever, muscle aches, and vomiting and diarrhea.

Treatment for Influenza and Colds

Both influenza and colds are caused by viruses and cannot be treated with antibiotics. Influenza antiviral drugs can be used to treat or prevent influenza, but they are not a substitute for vaccination.

The best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine every year.

The treatment for both influenza and colds focuses on relieving the symptoms. Rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications can help relieve symptoms. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to reduce fever and relieve pain.

Decongestants and cough suppressants may help relieve congestion and cough.

When to See a Doctor

In most cases, influenza and colds are self-limited and do not require medical attention.

However, people with underlying health conditions such as asthma or diabetes may be at greater risk of complications from influenza and should seek medical attention if they develop symptoms. People with influenza who have difficulty breathing, chest pain, severe or persistent vomiting and diarrhea, confusion, or dizziness should seek medical attention.

Colds can also increase the risk of complications such as sinus infections, ear infections, or pneumonia in some people.

If symptoms do not improve after a week, or if you have a high fever, severe headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, or are coughing up blood, seek medical attention.

Conclusion

Influenza and colds are respiratory illnesses caused by viruses. While the symptoms may be similar, there are important differences between the two. Influenza symptoms are generally more severe and come on more rapidly than cold symptoms.

If symptoms are severe or persist for more than a week, seek medical attention.