World Contraception Day is an annual global campaign that aims to raise awareness about contraception methods and empower individuals to make informed choices regarding their reproductive health.

With an array of contraception options available today, it’s important to explore and understand these choices to find the method that best suits your needs and lifestyle. This article will discuss and outline the benefits, effectiveness, and potential side effects of various contraception methods.

1. Contraceptive Pills

Contraceptive pills, commonly known as “the pill,” are one of the most popular and widely used methods of contraception. These pills contain synthetic hormones that prevent pregnancy by suppressing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus.

They are highly effective when taken correctly, with an average failure rate of around 1%. However, it’s essential to take them at the same time every day to maintain their effectiveness.

2. Intrauterine Device (IUD)

An intrauterine device, or IUD, is a small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional. There are two types: hormonal and non-hormonal.

Hormonal IUDs release progestin, a synthetic hormone, to prevent pregnancy by thinning the uterine lining and thickening cervical mucus, while non-hormonal IUDs use copper to create an inhospitable environment for sperm. IUDs provide long-term contraception, with effectiveness rates of over 99% and lasting up to 3-10 years, depending on the type.

3. Condoms

Condoms are barrier methods that act as a physical barrier between sperm and the cervix to prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

They are available for both males and females and can be used in combination with other contraception methods for added protection. Condoms have a failure rate of approximately 18% with typical use but can be as effective as 98% when used consistently and correctly.

4. Contraceptive Implants

A contraceptive implant is a small rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm, releasing progestin hormones into the body to prevent pregnancy. It provides long-term contraception, with effectiveness rates similar to IUDs, i.e., over 99%.

This method is convenient for individuals who prefer a set-it-and-forget-it approach as it can effectively prevent pregnancy for up to three years. However, some potential side effects of contraceptive implants include irregular bleeding and changes in menstrual patterns.

5. Contraceptive Patch

The contraceptive patch is a small adhesive patch applied to the skin that releases hormones, preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus.

It is usually worn on the buttocks, abdomen, or upper torso and needs to be replaced weekly for three consecutive weeks, followed by a patch-free week. The patch has an effectiveness rate of around 91% with typical use. However, it may be less effective for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) over 30.

6. Contraceptive Shot

The contraceptive shot, also known as the Depo shot or Depo-Provera, is an injection containing progestin that provides effective contraception for three months. It works by preventing ovulation and thinning the uterine lining.

The shot is safe, highly effective, and has a failure rate of less than 1%. However, it may cause temporary menstrual cycle changes, such as irregular bleeding or no periods at all.

7. Cervical Cap

A cervical cap is a silicone cup placed over the cervix before sexual intercourse to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. It should be used in conjunction with a spermicide to increase effectiveness.

Cervical caps are reusable and can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse, providing ongoing contraception for up to 48 hours. The typical failure rate of cervical caps is around 14% with typical use, and it may not be suitable for individuals with a naturally very low cervix.

8. Diaphragm

A diaphragm is a shallow, dome-shaped device made of silicone that covers the cervix and prevents sperm from entering the uterus. It needs to be used with a spermicide and inserted up to six hours before intercourse.

Diaphragms require proper fitting and may need to be refitted after weight gain or loss, childbirth, or pelvic surgery. They have a typical failure rate of about 17% with typical use and must be left in place for at least six hours after intercourse.

9. Fertility Awareness Methods

Fertility awareness methods (FAMs) involve tracking and monitoring changes in your menstrual cycle to determine fertile and non-fertile days.

These methods typically involve tracking basal body temperature, changes in cervical mucus, and the position of the cervix. FAMs can be highly effective when used correctly, but they require commitment, education, and consistent monitoring. They can also be used alongside other barrier methods to increase effectiveness.

10. Withdrawal Method

The withdrawal method, also known as “pulling out,” involves the man withdrawing the penis before ejaculation to prevent sperm from entering the vagina.

This method offers no physical protection against STIs and has a relatively high failure rate of around 22% with typical use. It requires a high level of self-control, communication, and trust between partners to be used effectively.

Conclusion

On World Contraception Day, take the opportunity to explore the diverse range of contraception options available to you.

Consider factors such as effectiveness, convenience, potential side effects, and personal preferences when choosing a method that aligns with your reproductive health goals and lifestyle. Remember, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss your options thoroughly and make an informed decision. Prioritize your reproductive health and take charge of your future!.