Gastroscopy, also known as an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, is a procedure used to examine the inside of the upper digestive system. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.

A gastroscopy is usually performed when a patient has symptoms such as abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. It is also used as a screening tool for certain conditions. In this article, we will discuss the indications and signs to look for when considering a gastroscopy.

Indications for Gastroscopy

Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain is one of the most common indications for gastroscopy. It can be caused by a variety of conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and gastritis.

Gastroscopy is often used to diagnose the underlying cause of abdominal pain so that appropriate treatment can be initiated.

Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing)

Dysphagia is a condition where a person has difficulty swallowing. It can be caused by a variety of conditions such as esophageal strictures, esophageal cancer, and esophageal spasm.

Gastroscopy is an excellent tool for evaluating the cause of dysphagia since it can visualize the esophagus and identify any abnormalities.

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of many gastrointestinal conditions such as gastroparesis and peptic ulcer disease. Gastroscopy can often identify the cause of these symptoms by visualizing the stomach and identifying any abnormalities.

Bleeding

Gastroscopy is also used to identify the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding can be caused by many conditions such as ulcers, varices, and tumors. Gastroscopy can visualize the site of bleeding and determine the underlying cause.

Signs to Look for During Gastroscopy

Ulcers

Ulcers are a common finding during gastroscopy. They are open sores that form in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Ulcers can be caused by several factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, and smoking.

Ulcers can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. During gastroscopy, ulcers can be identified by a characteristic appearance, and biopsies can be taken to confirm the diagnosis.

Inflammation

Inflammation of the stomach lining, known as gastritis, can also be seen during gastroscopy. Gastritis can be caused by a variety of factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use.

Inflammation can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating. Biopsies can be taken during gastroscopy to confirm the diagnosis of gastritis.

Tumors

Tumors of the upper gastrointestinal system can also be visualized during gastroscopy. Tumors can be benign or malignant and can cause symptoms such as dysphagia and bleeding.

Biopsies can be taken during gastroscopy to determine the type of tumor and to guide treatment.

Varices

Varices are enlarged veins that are commonly found in the esophagus and stomach. They can be caused by liver disease and can lead to life-threatening bleeding.

During gastroscopy, a physician can identify the site of bleeding and take appropriate measures to stop the bleeding.

Polyps

Polyps are small growths that can be found in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. They are often benign but can occasionally become cancerous. Gastroscopy can visualize polyps and biopsies can be taken to determine whether they are benign or malignant.

Conclusion

Gastroscopy is a valuable tool for evaluating the upper gastrointestinal system and can help diagnose a variety of conditions. Indications for gastroscopy include abdominal pain, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting, and bleeding.

During gastroscopy, a physician can identify several signs such as ulcers, inflammation, tumors, varices, and polyps. Early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions can lead to improved outcomes and overall patient satisfaction.