As a female gymnast, you may have been warned by fellow gymnasts, coaches, or parents that your training could disrupt your menstrual cycle.

The concern is not unfounded, as intense exercise can interfere with the delicate hormonal balance that regulates menstrual periods. However, the actual impact of gymnastics on period varies from person to person and depends on various factors, such as age, body weight, nutrition, stress level, and genetics.

In this article, we’ll explore the link between gymnastics and menstrual health, debunk some myths, and offer practical tips to manage period-related issues during your training.

How does the menstrual cycle work?

Firstly, let’s briefly review what the menstrual cycle involves and how it’s controlled. The menstrual cycle is an intricate interplay between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the ovaries, and the uterus.

The hypothalamus, a small region in the brain, secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which signals the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones stimulate the ovaries to develop and release an egg, and also produce estrogen and progesterone, which prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy. If conception doesn’t occur, the uterus sheds its lining, causing menstruation.

The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days, but can vary from 21 to 35 days and may be affected by factors such as puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and hormonal disorders.

Can intense gymnastics disrupt the menstrual cycle?

The short answer is yes, but the degree of disruption varies.

Exercise, especially intense and prolonged exercise, can stimulate the production of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can interfere with the production of GnRH and subsequently affect the menstrual cycle. This phenomenon is called exercise-induced amenorrhea and is more common in female athletes who engage in sports that prioritize leanness, such as gymnastics, dance, running, and figure skating.

The risk of exercise-induced amenorrhea increases with the intensity, frequency, and duration of training, as well as with low body weight, low body fat, inadequate nutrition, and high levels of stress.

However, it’s worth noting that not all female gymnasts experience menstrual disruption, and some may even have irregular but normal periods due to the training.

The impact of gymnastics on the menstrual cycle is highly individual and depends on various factors, such as the level of training, the age of onset, the body composition, and the genetic predisposition. Some athletes may also use hormonal contraception to regulate their periods or manage other reproductive issues, which can affect the natural hormonal balance and mask some symptoms of menstrual disruption.

Therefore, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience any changes in your menstrual cycle, regardless of whether you’re on hormonal birth control.

What are the symptoms of menstrual disruption?

Menstrual disruption can manifest in different ways, depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the disturbance. Some common symptoms include:.

Irregular periods: periods that occur less frequently than every 35 days, or that vary by more than 7 days in length each cycle
Absent periods: periods that disappear for more than three consecutive months
Light or heavy periods: periods that are significantly different from the usual flow, whether lighter or heavier
Painful periods: periods that cause severe cramping, nausea, headaches, or lower back pain
Spotting or bleeding between periods

If you experience any of these symptoms or have concerns about your menstrual health, talk to your healthcare provider.

They can perform a comprehensive evaluation, including a medical history, a pelvic exam, lab tests, and imaging studies, to identify the cause of the disruption and recommend suitable treatment options.

If you’re a female gymnast, you may face some challenges related to menstrual health, such as managing cramps, leakages, or discomfort during training or competitions. Here are some tips that can help:.

Wear comfortable and breathable clothing that allows for flexibility and doesn’t cause chafing or irritation. Some brands offer special gymnastics leotards with built-in pads or liners, which can provide additional protection and support.
Use menstrual products such as tampons, pads, or menstrual cups that suit your individual needs and preferences. It may take some trial and error to find the right product, but don’t be discouraged if it takes time. Consult with your healthcare provider if you have concerns about the safety or effectiveness of any products.
Plan ahead and bring extra supplies with you to training and competitions, in case of unexpected leaks or changes in the flow. If using pads or tampons, change them regularly, ideally every 4-6 hours, to avoid odor, infection, or discomfort.
Stay hydrated and eat a balanced and nutritious diet that provides the energy and nutrients your body needs to perform in gymnastics. Talk to a registered dietitian if you have concerns about your diet or weight.
Take care of your mental and emotional health, as stress and anxiety can exacerbate menstrual disruption. Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga, and discuss any concerns or issues with a trusted friend, coach, or mental health professional.

Conclusion

Intense gymnastics can potentially disrupt a woman’s menstrual cycle, but the actual impact depends on many individual factors and may vary from person to person.

Menstrual disruption can manifest in different ways and may require medical attention if it persists or causes other health issues. Female gymnasts can manage period-related issues during training by using suitable menstrual products, maintaining good nutrition and hydration, and taking care of their mental and emotional well-being.

By staying informed and proactive, female gymnasts can enjoy the benefits of gymnastics without compromising their menstrual health.