Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body is unable to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and dairy products.

The condition is not life-threatening, but it can cause uncomfortable symptoms that can impact your daily life. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms of lactose intolerance and what you need to know about managing this condition.

What Causes Lactose Intolerance?

Lactose intolerance occurs when the body is unable to produce enough lactase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose in the gut. Without lactase, lactose remains undigested and enters the colon, where it can cause a variety of digestive problems.

There are three types of lactose intolerance:.

Primary lactose intolerance: This is the most common type of lactose intolerance and is caused by a natural decrease in lactase production as we age. This form of lactose intolerance can affect anyone, but it is most common in people of African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American descent.
Secondary lactose intolerance: This type of lactose intolerance is caused by damage to the gut lining, which can occur due to conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chemotherapy.
Congenital lactose intolerance: This is a rare genetic disorder that causes infants to be born without the ability to produce lactase.

What Are the Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance?

The symptoms of lactose intolerance can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some people may only experience mild symptoms, while others may have more severe reactions. Here are some of the most common symptoms:.

Bloating: Lactose intolerance can cause bloating, which is a feeling of fullness or tightness in the stomach. This is because undigested lactose can cause gas to build up in the gut.
Diarrhea: Lactose intolerance can cause diarrhea, which is loose, watery stools. This occurs because undigested lactose can pull water into the colon.
Abdominal pain: Lactose intolerance can cause abdominal pain, which is a sharp or cramping pain in the stomach. This occurs because undigested lactose can irritate the gut lining.
Flatulence: Lactose intolerance can cause flatulence, which is the passing of gas through the anus. This occurs because undigested lactose can be fermented by gut bacteria, producing gas.
Nausea: Lactose intolerance can cause nausea, which is a feeling of sickness or queasiness in the stomach.

If you suspect that you may have lactose intolerance, it is important to talk to your doctor. They can perform tests to confirm the diagnosis and help you manage your symptoms.

How Is Lactose Intolerance Diagnosed?

There are two main tests that can be used to diagnose lactose intolerance:.

Lactose tolerance test: This test involves drinking a liquid that contains lactose, and then measuring the amount of glucose in your blood over time. If your body is unable to digest the lactose, your blood sugar levels will not rise, indicating lactose intolerance.
Hydrogen breath test: This test involves drinking a liquid that contains lactose, and then measuring the amount of hydrogen in your breath over time. If your body is unable to digest the lactose, you will produce more hydrogen, indicating lactose intolerance.

Your doctor may also recommend an elimination diet, where you remove dairy products from your diet for a period of time to see if your symptoms improve.

How Is Lactose Intolerance Treated?

Unfortunately, there is no cure for lactose intolerance. However, there are several ways to manage the condition and reduce symptoms:.

Avoid dairy products: The most effective way to manage lactose intolerance is to avoid foods and drinks that contain lactose, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. There are many lactose-free alternatives available, such as lactose-free milk and soy yogurt.
Take lactase enzyme supplements: Lactase enzyme supplements can help break down lactose in the gut, making it easier to digest. These supplements are available as tablets, capsules, or drops and should be taken before consuming dairy products.
Choose low-lactose dairy: Some dairy products, such as hard cheeses and butter, contain lower levels of lactose and may be better tolerated by people with lactose intolerance.
Eat small amounts: Eating smaller amounts of lactose-containing foods may help reduce symptoms.

It is important to talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian before making any changes to your diet.

Conclusion

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder that affects many people worldwide. Although it can cause uncomfortable symptoms, it is not life-threatening and can be managed with dietary changes and enzyme supplements.

If you suspect that you may have lactose intolerance, it is important to talk to your doctor to receive a proper diagnosis and help managing your symptoms.