Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or both kidneys. It occurs when bacteria from the bladder travel up to the kidneys, causing infection and inflammation.

This condition is more common in women than in men and can lead to severe complications if left untreated.

Causes of Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis typically occurs when bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urinary tract and reach the kidneys. The most common cause of this infection is a urinary tract infection that begins in the bladder and ascends to the kidneys.

However, there are other risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing pyelonephritis, including:.

Structural abnormalities in the urinary tract
Kidney stones
Weak immune system
Poor hygiene
Pregnancy
Diabetes
Prostatic hypertrophy in men

Signs and Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

The signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis can vary from person to person. It is essential to recognize these early indicators and seek medical attention promptly. The following are common signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis:.

1. Fever and Chills

Pyelonephritis often causes a high fever, often exceeding 101°F (38°C). The body’s immune response to the infection can also lead to chills and shivering.

2. Flank Pain

Flank pain is a hallmark symptom of pyelonephritis. It refers to pain on one or both sides of the lower back, where the kidneys are located. The pain may be dull or sharp and can radiate to the groin or abdomen.

3. Painful Urination

Individuals with pyelonephritis may experience pain or a burning sensation during urination. This discomfort occurs due to the inflammation of the urinary tract caused by the infection.

4. Frequent Urge to Urinate

Pyelonephritis can lead to an increased frequency of urination. The urge to urinate may persist even after emptying the bladder.

5. Blood in Urine

Blood in the urine, also known as hematuria, can be a sign of pyelonephritis. The presence of blood may discolor the urine, giving it a pink, red, or brown appearance.

6. Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine

Pyelonephritis can cause changes in urine color and odor. The urine may appear cloudy and emit a strong, unpleasant smell.

7. Fatigue and Weakness

As the body fights off the infection, individuals with pyelonephritis may experience fatigue and weakness. The infection can cause general malaise and a lack of energy.

8. Nausea and Vomiting

Some individuals with pyelonephritis may develop nausea and vomiting. These symptoms can be a result of the infection itself or a response to the pain and discomfort.

9. Abdominal Pain

In addition to flank pain, pyelonephritis can cause abdominal pain or discomfort. This pain is usually located in the lower abdomen and may be accompanied by bloating or cramping.

10. Confusion or Mental Changes

In severe cases, pyelonephritis can affect the brain and lead to confusion or mental changes. This symptom is more common in older adults and requires immediate medical attention.

Conclusion

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.

If you experience any of the mentioned symptoms, especially high fever, flank pain, and painful urination, it is important to consult a healthcare professional. Prompt treatment with antibiotics can help prevent complications and promote a complete recovery.