Aortic valve stenosis is a heart condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, which is responsible for regulating blood flow from the heart into the aorta.

This narrowing impedes the blood flow and can lead to various symptoms and complications. Understanding the fundamental symptoms of aortic valve stenosis is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of the condition.

Symptom 1: Chest Pain and Discomfort

One of the primary symptoms of aortic valve stenosis is chest pain or discomfort. This pain is often described as a tightness or pressure, similar to angina.

The chest pain may be triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and typically subsides with rest. However, as the condition progresses, the pain may become more frequent and severe.

Symptom 2: Shortness of Breath

People with aortic valve stenosis may experience shortness of breath, especially during physical activity. This symptom occurs because the narrowed valve restricts the amount of blood that can flow out of the heart and into the rest of the body.

As a result, the body may not receive sufficient oxygen, leading to breathlessness and fatigue.

Symptom 3: Fatigue and Weakness

Aortic valve stenosis can cause chronic fatigue and weakness. Due to reduced blood flow and inadequate oxygen supply, the muscles may not receive the necessary nourishment, leading to feelings of tiredness and weakness.

Symptom 4: Dizziness and Fainting

In some cases of aortic valve stenosis, individuals may experience dizziness or even fainting episodes.

The limited blood flow to the brain can result in lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or fainting, particularly during exertion or abrupt changes in body position.

Symptom 5: Heart Palpitations

Heart palpitations, which are sensations of a rapid or irregular heartbeat, can be indicative of aortic valve stenosis. The heart compensates for the narrowed valve by pumping harder, leading to palpitations or a sensation of a racing heart.

These palpitations may occur at rest or during physical activity.

Symptom 6: Heart Murmurs

One of the key signs that healthcare professionals look for while diagnosing aortic valve stenosis is the presence of a heart murmur. A heart murmur is an abnormal sound produced by turbulent blood flow through the narrowed aortic valve.

The murmur is typically heard by a stethoscope during a physical examination.

Symptom 7: Swollen Ankles and Feet

In advanced stages of aortic valve stenosis, fluid retention may occur, leading to swelling in the ankles and feet.

This swelling, known as peripheral edema, is a result of the heart’s inability to efficiently pump blood, causing fluid buildup in the lower extremities.

Symptom 8: Reduced Physical Endurance

Individuals with aortic valve stenosis may notice a progressive decline in their physical endurance.

Engaging in activities that were previously manageable may become increasingly difficult as the heart is unable to adequately supply oxygen-rich blood to the muscles, limiting stamina and exercise capacity.

Symptom 9: Angina

Angina refers to chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowed coronary arteries.

While angina can be a symptom of various heart conditions, individuals with aortic valve stenosis may also experience angina as a result of the increased workload on the heart.

Symptom 10: Sudden Cardiac Arrest

In severe cases of aortic valve stenosis, the heart may undergo life-threatening complications, such as sudden cardiac arrest.

This occurs when the heart’s electrical system becomes significantly disrupted, preventing the heart from effectively pumping blood. Sudden cardiac arrest requires immediate medical attention and can be fatal if not promptly treated.

Conclusion

Aortic valve stenosis is a serious heart condition that can lead to various symptoms and complications if left untreated.

Recognizing the fundamental symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations, can aid in the early detection and proper management of this condition. Seeking medical attention if any of these symptoms arise is essential for receiving the appropriate care and preventing further complications.