Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness that affects young children, particularly those under the age of two. It is usually caused by a viral infection that affects the lungs, specifically the small airways called bronchioles.

Understanding this condition is important for parents so they can recognize its symptoms and take appropriate measures to treat it.

What Causes Bronchiolitis?

The most common cause of bronchiolitis is a viral infection, specifically the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Other viruses, such as the common cold virus, adenoviruses, and rhinoviruses, can also cause bronchiolitis.

The infection is usually spread through contact with respiratory secretions, such as saliva and mucus, of an infected person.

What Are the Symptoms of Bronchiolitis?

The symptoms of bronchiolitis can vary depending on the age of the child and the severity of the infection. In mild cases, children may experience symptoms similar to the common cold, such as a runny nose, cough, and fever.

In more severe cases, children may exhibit the following symptoms:.

Rapid breathing
Wheezing
Chest retractions (when the skin around the ribs sinks in with each breath)
Cyanosis (blue or purple discoloration of the lips, tongue, and skin)
Poor feeding and dehydration
Fatigue

Parents should take their child to a doctor if they exhibit any of these symptoms.

How Is Bronchiolitis Diagnosed?

Doctors can diagnose bronchiolitis through a physical examination and by listening to the child’s breathing with a stethoscope.

In some cases, doctors may perform additional tests, such as a chest x-ray or blood tests, to rule out other conditions that may mimic bronchiolitis.

How Is Bronchiolitis Treated?

Treatment for bronchiolitis is primarily supportive and aimed at relieving the child’s symptoms. There is no specific medication that can cure bronchiolitis, and antibiotics are not effective against viruses.

Home remedies, such as saline nasal drops, humidifiers, and plenty of fluids, can be useful in relieving symptoms. In more severe cases, hospitalization may be required for oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids.

How Can Bronchiolitis Be Prevented?

Preventing the spread of respiratory viruses is the most effective way to prevent bronchiolitis. Parents should take the following measures to prevent the spread of viruses:.

Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use a hand sanitizer.
Avoid contact with people who are sick.
Cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.

In addition, certain high-risk infants may be eligible for a monthly injection of a medication called Palivizumab, which can help prevent RSV infections.

When Should Parents See a Doctor?

Parents should take their child to a doctor if they exhibit any symptoms of bronchiolitis, such as rapid breathing, wheezing, chest retractions, or cyanosis.

In addition, parents should seek medical attention if their child is struggling to breathe, has a high fever, is dehydrated, or is lethargic.

Conclusion

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness that affects young children. It is usually caused by a viral infection, and symptoms can range from mild to severe.

While there is no specific medication that can cure bronchiolitis, supportive treatment can help relieve symptoms. Parents can help prevent the spread of bronchiolitis by taking measures to promote good respiratory hygiene and by following the advice of their pediatrician.