Fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. Also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, these growths can vary in size and location within the uterus.

While some women may have fibroids and experience no symptoms, others may experience a range of symptoms that can affect their daily lives and overall wellbeing. In this article, we will explore the common symptoms of fibroids in the uterus to help you understand and identify this condition.

1. Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding

One of the most common symptoms of fibroids in the uterus is heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Women with fibroids may experience unusually heavy periods that require frequent changing of sanitary pads or tampons.

They may also have prolonged periods that last for more than a week. The excessive bleeding occurs due to the presence of fibroids in or near the lining of the uterus, which can disrupt the normal flow of menstrual blood.

2. Pelvic Pain or Pressure

Many women with fibroids in the uterus experience pelvic pain or pressure. The size, number, and location of the fibroids can contribute to the intensity and location of the pain.

Some women may experience mild discomfort, while others may have severe pelvic pain that interferes with their daily activities. The pressure from enlarged fibroids can also cause a sensation of heaviness or fullness in the pelvic region.

3. Enlarged Abdomen or Bloating

Fibroids in the uterus can cause the abdomen to enlarge or appear bloated. This symptom is more common in women who have large fibroids or multiple fibroids.

The fibroids themselves contribute to the expansion of the uterus, resulting in a visibly enlarged abdomen. The bloating sensation can be uncomfortable and may lead to changes in clothing size or difficulty fitting into previously well-fitted garments.

4. Frequent Urination

Fibroids that press against the bladder can lead to frequent urination. Women may find themselves needing to urinate more frequently than usual or experiencing a sudden urge to urinate even when their bladder is not full.

This symptom can disrupt sleep and daily routines, causing inconvenience and discomfort.

5. Constipation

In some cases, fibroids in the uterus can exert pressure on the rectum, leading to constipation. Women may experience difficulty passing stools, infrequent bowel movements, or a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowels.

Constipation associated with fibroids can be persistent and require dietary and lifestyle modifications to alleviate.

6. Back or Leg Pain

Fibroids in the uterus can also cause referred pain in the back or legs. As the fibroids grow, they can press against nerves in the surrounding areas, resulting in pain or discomfort.

The back pain may be localized in the lower back or radiate to the legs, while leg pain may present as aching or throbbing sensations.

7. Painful Intercourse

Some women with fibroids in the uterus may experience painful intercourse. Fibroids located near the cervix or within the uterine wall can cause discomfort or pain during sexual activity.

This can lead to decreased sexual satisfaction, strained relationships, or avoidance of sexual intimacy.

8. Infertility or Pregnancy Complications

While most women with fibroids can still conceive and carry a pregnancy to term, some fibroids can contribute to infertility or pregnancy complications.

Fibroids located within the uterine cavity can interfere with the implantation of a fertilized egg or cause recurrent miscarriages. Additionally, large fibroids may increase the risk of preterm labor, breech presentation, or the need for a cesarean section.

9. Anemia

Due to heavy menstrual bleeding, women with fibroids may develop anemia—a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia can result in fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and shortness of breath.

Regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels is recommended for women with fibroids who experience heavy bleeding.

10. Disruption of Daily Life

The symptoms of fibroids in the uterus can significantly disrupt a woman’s daily life and overall quality of life.

The pain, heavy bleeding, and other associated symptoms can make it challenging to engage in social activities, work, exercise, and perform routine tasks. Emotional and psychological well-being may also be affected, leading to stress, anxiety, or depression.