Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or both kidneys. Unlike a simple bladder infection, pyelonephritis can cause more severe symptoms and potentially lead to complications.

It is important to be aware of the warning signs of pyelonephritis so that prompt medical attention can be sought. This article will outline the key indicators of this condition.

1. High Fever

One of the primary warning signs of pyelonephritis is having a high fever, typically above 100.4°F (38°C). This fever may arise suddenly and be accompanied by chills and sweating.

It is important to note that not everyone with pyelonephritis will experience a fever, but it is a common symptom.

2. Flank Pain

Pyelonephritis often causes pain in the flank region, which is the area of the back located just below the ribs and above the hips. This pain can be dull and aching or sharp and severe, and it is usually on one side of the body.

The affected area may also be tender to the touch.

3. Painful Urination

An individual with pyelonephritis may experience pain or a burning sensation while urinating. This discomfort typically occurs at the onset of urination and may persist afterwards.

It is important to distinguish this symptom from the pelvic and lower abdominal pain associated with a typical bladder infection.

4. Increased Urination

Pyelonephritis can lead to increased frequency of urination, even if the volume of urine expelled may be low. This symptom arises due to the irritation and inflammation of the urinary tract caused by the infection.

The urge to urinate may become more frequent and urgent.

5. Blood in Urine

Another warning sign of pyelonephritis is the presence of blood in the urine, known as hematuria. The urine may appear pink, red, or brown, depending on the amount of blood present. If blood is visible, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.

6. Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine

In addition to blood, pyelonephritis can cause the urine to appear cloudy or have a strong, unpleasant odor. This change in urine color and smell is a result of the infection and inflammation in the urinary tract.

If you notice any abnormal changes in urine appearance or smell, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.

7. Fatigue and Weakness

Pyelonephritis can cause general feelings of fatigue and weakness. The body’s immune response to the infection can lead to exhaustion, making everyday activities more challenging.

If you find yourself unusually tired or weak, especially in conjunction with other symptoms mentioned, it is advisable to seek medical attention.

8. Nausea and Vomiting

In some cases, pyelonephritis may cause nausea and vomiting. These symptoms are indicative of a more severe infection and should be taken seriously.

If you experience these symptoms in combination with other warning signs, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis.

9. Mental Changes

In rare instances, pyelonephritis can cause mental changes such as confusion, disorientation, or even changes in consciousness. These symptoms may be particularly evident in older adults or individuals with compromised immune systems.

If you or someone you know experiences sudden mental changes, seek immediate medical attention.

10. Abdominal Pain

While flank pain is a common symptom, pyelonephritis can also cause abdominal pain. This pain is often located near the affected kidney and may be accompanied by discomfort or swelling in the abdomen.

It is important not to dismiss abdominal pain, especially if it persists or worsens over time.

Conclusion

Recognizing the warning signs of pyelonephritis is crucial for early detection and treatment.

If you experience any combination of symptoms such as high fever, flank pain, painful urination, increased urination, blood in urine, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, fatigue and weakness, nausea and vomiting, mental changes, or abdominal pain, it is important to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early intervention can help prevent complications and ensure a swift recovery.