Delayed periods refer to the situation when menstruation does not come on time. This is a typical, natural occurrence in the lives of most women over the course of their reproductive years.

However, depending on various factors, the timeline or “schedule” of the menstrual cycle may deviate from the norm. It is crucial to note that pregnancy is not the only possible explanation for a skipped or delayed period. Several other factors can cause this delay, leading to hesitancy and doubt for any sexually active woman experiencing such an event.

The Menstrual Cycle

Understanding the menstrual cycle is crucial to understanding what causes a delay in periods.

A woman’s menstrual cycle is controlled by the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis, which sends signals to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland.

These hormones then signal the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone, leading to the growth of the uterine lining or endometrium.

Typically, the menstrual cycle spans a duration of 28 days, with the period bleeding lasting between 2-7 days. However, slight deviations are perfectly normal.

A regular menstrual cycle can range from 21-35 days, with the period lasting between 2-7 days on average.

Reasons for Delayed Periods

: 1. Stress

Stress is a common cause of delayed periods since it causes hormonal disturbances.

Stress impacts the body negatively, causing the hypothalamus to produce extra cortisol, which upsets the natural rhythm and slows down the release of hormones. Cortisol reduces the production of LH and FSH, causing delayed periods.

: 2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women, reducing their chances of menstruating on time. In PCOS patients, there are abnormal levels of hormones in the body, leading to insulin resistance.

This insulin resistance causes an excess supply of androgens, leading to irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and hair loss.

: 3. Change in Weight

There is a hormonal link between weight and menstruation. A sudden change in weight, whether losing or gaining, can affect the ratio of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This change can lead to delayed periods.

: 4. Birth Control Pills

Birth control pills are known to delay menstrual cycles if taken as directed. The hormones in the pills prevent ovulation, leading to no periods. This is a common side effect of birth control pills, and patients should expect this while taking them.

: 5. Thyroid Issues

Thyroid hormonal imbalances can affect menstruation. The thyroid gland regulates the amount of thyroid hormones production, and irregularities of this process can cause the menstrual cycle to become irregular.

If the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, it can lead to shorter and lighter periods or no periods at all. If the thyroid gland is not producing enough thyroid hormone, it can lead to heavy bleeding or longer periods.

: 6. Chronic Illness

Chronic illnesses like diabetes, celiac disease, and other immune disorders can affect menstruation.

Women living with chronic illnesses can experience delayed periods as the body is struggling to combat the underlying condition, leading to hormonal imbalances.

: 7. Excessive Exercise

Intense exercise can cause delayed periods, especially if done regularly. In excessive exercise, the body produces a hormone called Cortisol, which suppresses reproductive hormones.

: 8. Perimenopause/ Menopause

Perimenopause refers to the period when the ovaries start to produce less estrogen, leading to irregular periods. It is common in women above the age of 40. Menopause occurs when menstruation stops altogether.

: 9. Medications

Medications such as chemotherapy, antidepressants, and blood thinners can cause delayed periods. These drugs can affect the delicate hormonal balance in the body leading to menstrual problems.

Conclusion

Delayed periods are normal, and several factors can cause it, including stress, PCOS, change in weight, birth control pills, thyroid issues, chronic illnesses, excessive exercise, perimenopause/menopause, and medications.

If a woman misses or has a delayed period and is sexually active, she should get a pregnancy test. For all other cases, the menstrual cycle typically normalizes within two to three months.

However, if the delay persists for more than three months or is accompanied by severe pain, irregular bleeding and sudden weight gain or loss, one should seek medical advice.