Uterine fibroids are growths in the uterus that are usually noncancerous. They can vary in size and number, and often cause no symptoms.

However, in some cases, fibroids can cause pain, bleeding, and other uncomfortable symptoms that require medical attention.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids

While the exact causes of uterine fibroids are not completely understood, several factors may contribute to their development and growth. Here are some of the most common causes of uterine fibroids:.

Genetics

Fibroids may run in families, suggesting that they have a genetic component. Women who have a mother or sister with fibroids are more likely to develop them themselves.

Hormones

Estrogen and progesterone are hormones that play a key role in the development of uterine fibroids. These hormones stimulate the growth of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle, and excess levels can cause fibroids to grow.

Estrogen dominance, a condition where there is too much estrogen relative to progesterone, can increase the risk of fibroid growth.

Age and Menopause

Fibroids are most commonly diagnosed in women who are in their 30s and 40s, and tend to shrink and disappear after menopause. This suggests that hormones may play a significant role in fibroid development and growth.

Race

African-American women are more likely to develop fibroids than women of other racial/ethnic groups. They are also more likely to develop fibroids at a younger age, and to experience larger and more numerous fibroids than other women.

Lifestyle Factors

Several lifestyle factors may increase the risk of fibroid growth, including:.

Diet: A diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of fibroid growth.
Obesity: Women who are overweight or obese are at a higher risk of developing fibroids.
Low physical activity: Women who are sedentary or have a low level of physical activity may have a higher risk of fibroid growth.
Smoking: Women who smoke have a higher risk of fibroid growth and may experience more severe symptoms.

Medical Conditions

Several medical conditions can increase the risk of fibroid growth, including:.

Endometriosis: This is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, and can cause pelvic pain and other symptoms. Women with endometriosis are more likely to develop fibroids.
Adenomyosis: This is a condition where the lining of the uterus grows into the uterine muscle, and can cause heavy bleeding, pain, and other symptoms. Women with adenomyosis may also develop fibroids.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This is a hormonal disorder that can cause irregular periods, infertility, and other symptoms. Women with PCOS may have a higher risk of developing fibroids.
Hypothyroidism: This is a condition where the thyroid gland is underactive and does not produce enough hormones. Women with hypothyroidism may have a higher risk of developing fibroids.

Treatment for Uterine Fibroids

There are several treatment options for uterine fibroids, depending on the severity of symptoms and the desire for future fertility. Options include:.

Watchful waiting: If fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, your doctor may recommend monitoring them over time for growth.
Medications: Hormonal medications can help to shrink fibroids and reduce symptoms, but they may also have side effects.
Minimally invasive procedures: Procedures such as uterine artery embolization, focused ultrasound, or myomectomy can be used to remove or shrink fibroids while preserving the uterus.
Hysterectomy: In some cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be the best option for treating severe fibroids or symptoms.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroids can cause uncomfortable symptoms, but there are many treatment options available. Knowing the risk factors and common causes of fibroid growth can help women to make informed decisions about their health and well-being.