Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or within the ovaries. While many ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own without treatment, some can be dangerous if left untreated.

In this article, we will explore why ovarian cysts can pose risks when not properly managed.

What are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fairly common and can develop in women of all ages. They usually form during the menstrual cycle when the ovary releases an egg. Most cysts are small and go unnoticed, causing little to no discomfort.

However, some cysts can grow larger, causing symptoms and complications.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

There are various types of ovarian cysts, including:.

1. Functional Cysts

Functional cysts are the most common type and occur as a result of the normal menstrual cycle. These cysts are usually harmless and tend to disappear on their own within a few menstrual cycles.

2. Dermoid Cysts

Dermoid cysts, also known as teratomas, are abnormal growths that can contain tissues like hair, skin, or even teeth. Although dermoid cysts are mostly benign, they may need to be removed if they cause pain or continue to grow.

3. Endometriomas

Endometriomas are cysts that develop as a result of endometriosis, a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of it. These cysts can cause pain and infertility and may require surgical intervention.

4. Cystadenomas

Cystadenomas are cysts that develop on the surface of the ovaries. They can be filled with a watery liquid or mucus and may grow large, causing discomfort or other symptoms.

5. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that causes numerous small cysts to develop on the ovaries. This condition can lead to infertility if left untreated and requires medical management.

Why Can Untreated Ovarian Cysts be Dangerous?

While many ovarian cysts resolve on their own, some can pose serious risks if left untreated. Here are some reasons why untreated ovarian cysts can be dangerous:.

1. Rupture

If an ovarian cyst continues to grow without intervention, it can eventually rupture or burst. This can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain and may lead to internal bleeding.

2. Torsion

Sometimes, a cyst can become twisted and disrupt the blood supply to the ovary. This is known as ovarian torsion and requires immediate medical attention. If left untreated, it can lead to tissue damage or the loss of the affected ovary.

3. Infection

In some cases, ovarian cysts can become infected, leading to a condition called an abscess. An infected cyst can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, and other flu-like symptoms.

Without prompt treatment, the infection can spread and become life-threatening.

4. Cancer Risk

While the majority of ovarian cysts are benign, there is a small risk that they can be cancerous. If a cyst is left untreated and continues to grow, there is a higher likelihood of it being a malignant tumor.

Related Article 9 common symptoms of ovarian cysts

Timely intervention and proper diagnosis are crucial to rule out the possibility of ovarian cancer.

5. Impact on Fertility

Some types of ovarian cysts, such as those associated with PCOS or endometriosis, can interfere with a woman’s ability to conceive.

These cysts may affect ovulation or cause inflammation, making it difficult for the egg to be released or fertilized.

Treatment Options

When ovarian cysts cause symptoms or pose a risk, healthcare providers may recommend treatment options such as:.

1. Watchful Waiting

If the cyst is small, functional, and causing no discomfort, the healthcare provider may choose to monitor it over time without intervening. Regular ultrasounds or exams will be performed to check for any changes.

2. Medications

Depending on the type of cyst and the symptoms it causes, medications such as hormonal birth control pills or pain relievers may be prescribed.

Birth control pills can help regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent the formation of certain types of cysts.

3. Surgery

If the cyst is large, growing, causing severe pain, or suspected to be cancerous, surgery may be recommended.

The cyst can be removed through a minimally invasive procedure called laparoscopy, or a more extensive surgery may be required, including the removal of the ovary or surrounding tissues.

Prevention and Regular Check-ups

While it may not be possible to prevent all ovarian cysts, certain measures can help reduce the risks and complications:.

1. Regular Gynecological Exams

Regular check-ups with a gynecologist can help detect any abnormalities early on. This allows for earlier intervention and reduces the chances of complications.

2. Hormonal Balance

Conditions like PCOS can contribute to the development of ovarian cysts. Maintaining hormonal balance through medications or lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of cyst formation.

3. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Eating a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly can contribute to overall reproductive health. These lifestyle choices can help regulate hormone levels and minimize the risk of developing ovarian cysts.

Conclusion

Ovarian cysts can be relatively common and often resolve without causing any harm. However, certain cysts can pose risks if left untreated. It is crucial for women to be aware of the symptoms and potential dangers associated with ovarian cysts.

Regular gynecological check-ups, maintaining hormonal balance, and seeking timely medical intervention when needed can all contribute to early detection and appropriate management of ovarian cysts.