Gynecological exams are an essential component of women’s healthcare. These exams are designed to assess a woman’s reproductive and sexual health, detect potential health problems, and identify early warning signs of disease.

Regular gynecological exams can help women stay healthy and prevent serious health issues from developing.

1. Pap Smears

A pap smear is a test that is performed to screen for cervical cancer. It involves collecting cells from the cervix and then examining them under a microscope to look for abnormalities.

Women typically start getting pap smears at age 21 and then continue to get them every three years until they are 30. After age 30, if a woman has had three consecutive normal pap smears, she can switch to getting them every five years.

2. Pelvic Exams

A pelvic exam is an exam that is done to check for any abnormalities in the reproductive system. During the exam, the doctor will feel for any lumps or bumps and look for any other signs of abnormality.

The exam is performed by inserting a speculum into the vagina to hold it open and then using a gloved hand to palpate the reproductive organs.

3. Breast Exams

During a gynecological exam, a doctor will also perform a breast exam to check for any lumps or other abnormalities.

Women are encouraged to perform monthly breast self-exams, but a doctor’s exam is also important to ensure that any potential issues are caught early.

4. STI Testing

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can have serious consequences if left untreated. During a gynecological exam, a doctor will often perform STI testing to check for any potential infections.

This may involve taking a urine sample, or swabbing the vagina or cervix.

5. HPV Testing

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. It can lead to cervical cancer if left untreated. During a gynecological exam, a doctor will often perform HPV testing along with the pap smear.

If the test comes back positive, further testing and treatment may be necessary.

6. Menopause Management

Menopause is a natural part of the aging process for women. However, it can be associated with uncomfortable symptoms like hot flashes, mood changes, and vaginal dryness.

During a gynecological exam, a doctor can assess a woman’s symptoms and recommend treatments to help manage them.

7. Contraceptive Counseling

Contraception is an important part of women’s healthcare. During a gynecological exam, a doctor can discuss different contraceptive options with a patient and help her choose the method that is right for her.

8. Infertility Testing

Infertility is a complex issue, and there can be many different factors that contribute to it. During a gynecological exam, a doctor can perform tests to help diagnose the root cause of infertility.

Depending on the cause, treatment options may include medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology (ART).

9. Osteoporosis Screening

Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle. Women are at a higher risk for osteoporosis than men, particularly after menopause.

During a gynecological exam, a doctor can perform a bone density test to check for signs of osteoporosis.