Iron is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in the body, helping to transport oxygen in the blood and maintaining good health.

When levels of iron in the body are low, a condition known as iron deficiency, it can lead to a range of uncomfortable and often debilitating symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.

What Causes Iron Deficiency?

Iron deficiency is most commonly caused by a lack of iron in the diet, particularly in vegetarians and vegans who don’t consume enough iron-rich foods.

It can also be caused by chronic blood loss due to heavy menstrual periods, gastrointestinal bleeding, or as a side effect of certain medications.

Symptoms of Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency can cause a range of symptoms, which vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some of the most common symptoms of iron deficiency include:.

Fatigue and weakness
Shortness of breath
Headaches
Irritability
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Pale skin
Brittle nails
Swollen tongue
Craving for non-food items like dirt or ice (known as pica)

Diagnosing Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency can be diagnosed by a simple blood test that measures the levels of iron in the blood.

The test will also usually include a measurement of the levels of ferritin, a protein that stores iron in the body and is a good indicator of iron levels.

Treating Iron Deficiency

The treatment for iron deficiency depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be treated with dietary changes, while more severe cases may require iron supplements or intravenous iron therapy.

In cases where iron deficiency is caused by chronic blood loss, it may be necessary to address the underlying cause of the bleeding to prevent future episodes of iron deficiency.

Preventing Iron Deficiency

The best way to prevent iron deficiency is to ensure a diet rich in iron-containing foods such as red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, and leafy green vegetables.

For vegetarians and vegans, it’s essential to actively seek out plant-based sources of iron, such as iron-fortified cereals, nuts and seeds, and dried fruit.

Risks of Iron Overload

While iron deficiency can have serious health consequences, it’s important to note that getting too much iron can also be harmful.

Iron overload can damage the liver and other vital organs, and is a risk for people with certain genetic disorders like hemochromatosis. If you’re considering taking an iron supplement, it’s always best to speak to your healthcare provider to ensure you’re taking the appropriate dose and not putting yourself at risk of iron overload.

The Bottom Line

Iron deficiency is a common but often overlooked cause of fatigue and weakness.

If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms of iron deficiency, it’s essential to speak to your healthcare provider and get tested, so that you can get the right treatment and feel your best.