Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadly forms of cancer that can affect women. Late detection and lack of awareness are the main reasons why this disease is so dangerous.

However, with the help of regular check-ups and proper medical attention, early diagnosis and treatment can significantly increase the chances of survival.

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the ovaries, the two small organs that produce eggs and female hormones. The symptoms of ovarian cancer are often vague and hard to detect.

Women with ovarian cancer may experience bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating, and frequent urination. However, these symptoms can also be caused by other less severe conditions, which is why ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it’s too late.

Risk Factors

The cause of ovarian cancer is still unknown, but certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing this disease. Women who have a family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or colon cancer are at a higher risk.

Women who have never been pregnant, have used fertility drugs, or have taken estrogen after menopause are also more likely to develop ovarian cancer. Age is another risk factor; women over the age of 50 are at a higher risk than younger women.

Prevention

There is no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer, but certain lifestyle choices can reduce the risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking can help lower the risk of ovarian cancer.

Women who use birth control pills for five or more years have been shown to have a lower risk of ovarian cancer than those who do not. However, women who use birth control pills should discuss the risks and benefits with their doctor before starting.

The Pap Test and the Pelvic Exam

Regular Pap tests and pelvic exams are essential for women’s health. The Pap test is a screening test used to detect cervical cancer. During the test, a sample of cells is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope for any abnormalities.

A pelvic exam is a physical exam of the reproductive organs, including the ovaries, which can help identify any abnormalities or changes. However, neither the Pap test nor the pelvic exam can detect ovarian cancer.

The CA-125 Blood Test

The CA-125 blood test is a screening test used to detect ovarian cancer. During the test, a sample of blood is taken and analyzed for the presence of CA-125, a protein that is often present in higher levels in women with ovarian cancer.

However, the CA-125 test is not always reliable and may produce false positives in women who have other conditions, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids. Therefore, the test is not recommended for routine use in women who are not at high risk for ovarian cancer.

Transvaginal Ultrasound

A transvaginal ultrasound is a medical imaging test that uses sound waves to produce images of the ovaries. During the test, a small wand-shaped device is inserted into the vagina, which sends sound waves through the vaginal wall and into the pelvis.

The waves bounce back to a computer, which creates an image of the ovaries. This test can help detect abnormalities or changes in the ovaries that may indicate ovarian cancer. However, like the CA-125 blood test, transvaginal ultrasound can also produce false positive or false negative results.

Therefore, it is usually only used in conjunction with other tests to confirm a diagnosis.

When to Get Checked

Women who are at high risk for ovarian cancer should discuss their options for screening with their doctor. Women who have a family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or colon cancer should talk to their doctor about getting tested.

Women who experience persistent bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating, and frequent urination should also see their doctor for further evaluation.

Conclusion

Ovarian cancer is a life-threatening disease that requires early detection for successful treatment.

While there are no sure ways to prevent ovarian cancer, women can reduce their risk by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and taking precautions such as regular check-ups and medical attention. Women who are at high risk for ovarian cancer should discuss their options for screening with their doctor.