Autoimmune diseases are a group of conditions where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is one such condition that affects millions of people worldwide.

Symptoms of lupus can range from mild to severe and can affect different parts of the body. Let’s take a closer look at some common symptoms of lupus.

Joint pain and stiffness

Joint pain and stiffness are common symptoms of lupus. This happens when the immune system attacks the joints and causes inflammation. The pain and stiffness can be severe and can last for several days or weeks.

Lupus can also cause swelling and redness in the joints, which can limit movement.

Rashes

Another common symptom of lupus is a rash. This usually appears on the face, neck, and scalp, and is known as a butterfly rash. The rash can be red or purple and is usually raised and scaly. It can also be itchy and sensitive to sunlight.

Some people with lupus may also develop other types of rashes on different parts of their body.

Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom of lupus and can affect many aspects of daily life. The fatigue can be severe and can make it difficult to work, study, or take care of everyday tasks.

It can also cause physical and mental exhaustion, which can last for extended periods.

Fever

Fevers are a common symptom of lupus and can range from mild to severe. Some people with lupus may experience low-grade fevers, while others may experience high fevers that last for several days.

The fevers are caused by inflammation and infection in the body and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue and muscle pain.

Sensitivity to sunlight

Many people with lupus are sensitive to sunlight and may experience rashes or hives when exposed to the sun. This condition is known as photosensitivity and can occur even with minimal exposure to sunlight.

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Some people with lupus may also experience joint pain, fatigue, and fever after exposure to sunlight.

Mouth sores

Mouth sores are another common symptom of lupus, affecting around 15% of people with the condition. These sores are usually painless and can appear on the lips, inside the mouth, or on the gums.

They can be red or white and can last for several days or weeks.

Chest pain

Chest pain is a common symptom of lupus and can be caused by inflammation of the lining around the heart or lungs. This can cause pain and discomfort in the chest, as well as difficulty breathing.

The chest pain may also be accompanied by a cough or fever.

Hair loss

Hair loss is a common symptom of lupus and can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body. The hair loss can be patchy or widespread and can be accompanied by a rash or sores on the scalp.

Hair loss can be distressing for many people and can affect self-esteem and confidence.

Swollen glands

Swollen glands are another symptom of lupus and occur when the lymph nodes become inflamed. This can cause swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin, and can be painful or tender to the touch.

Swollen glands can also be a sign of infection, so it’s important to see a doctor if you have this symptom.

Memory loss and confusion

Memory loss and confusion are common symptoms of lupus and can be caused by inflammation in the brain. This can affect cognitive function and lead to problems with memory, concentration, and problem-solving.

Some people with lupus may also experience changes in mood or behavior.