Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women.

According to the American Cancer Society, in 2021 alone, it is estimated that over 21,400 women in the United States will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and more than 13,750 will die from it. The reasons for ovarian cancer are mainly unknown, but scientists have found several risk factors that may increase a woman’s chance of developing the disease.

One potential way to help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer is through the use of modern contraception.

How Modern Contraception Works

Modern contraception methods can include birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), condoms, and more. They all work by altering a woman’s hormonal balance or preventing fertilization of eggs, which can help prevent pregnancy.

However, these methods may also help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.

The Link Between Contraception and Ovarian Cancer

Studies have found that women who use birth control pills for five or more years have a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer. The longer a woman uses birth control pills, the greater the reduction in risk.

The same is true for women who use an IUD, which can provide protection against ovarian cancer for up to 10 years. Other forms of contraception that may help reduce ovarian cancer risk include injectable contraceptives and the hormone-releasing vaginal ring.

How Contraception Reduces the Risk of Ovarian Cancer

The exact mechanism by which modern contraception helps reduce the risk of ovarian cancer is not fully understood. However, there are several potential ways that it may work. One way is by suppressing ovulation.

Ovulation can cause DNA damage to the cells in the ovary, which can lead to the development of cancer. By suppressing ovulation, modern contraception may help prevent this DNA damage from occurring.

Another way that modern contraception may work to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer is by altering the hormonal balance in the body.

Certain hormonal imbalances, such as those associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), have been linked to an increased risk of ovarian cancer. By altering the hormonal balance in the body, modern contraception may help reduce this risk.

Side Effects and Risks of Modern Contraception

While modern contraception can help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, it is not without its side effects and risks. Birth control pills, for example, can increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack in some women.

IUDs can cause pain and discomfort and may increase the risk of infection. Additionally, some women may experience other side effects such as nausea, headaches, and changes in mood or libido.

It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of any method of contraception with a healthcare provider before beginning use.

Conclusion

While the exact reasons for ovarian cancer are not yet fully understood, studies have found that modern contraception can help reduce the risk of developing the disease.

Women who use birth control pills for five or more years or an IUD for up to 10 years have been shown to have a lower risk of ovarian cancer. While there are some side effects and risks associated with modern contraception, it is important for women to discuss the potential benefits and risks of these methods with a healthcare provider to determine which method is best for them.