Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high levels of sugar or glucose in the blood. Elevated levels of blood glucose can cause various complications and affect almost every organ system in the body.

Here are ten physiological effects of Diabetes Mellitus:.

1. Cardiovascular disease

High blood glucose levels can damage the inner lining of blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. This damage can lead to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease.

2. Neuropathy

Neuropathy refers to nerve damage caused by high blood glucose levels. It can cause symptoms such as tingling, numbness, and burning sensations in the feet and hands, leading to complications such as foot ulcers, infections, and even amputations.

3. Nephropathy

Nephropathy is kidney damage caused by high blood glucose levels. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, and when the kidneys fail, dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary for survival.

4. Retinopathy

Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the eyes which can affect vision and cause blindness if left untreated.

5. Gastroparesis

Gastroparesis is a disorder that affects the stomach muscles and causes the food to move too slowly or not at all. It can lead to complications such as nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain.

6. Skin conditions

People with Diabetes may develop skin conditions such as fungal infections, bacterial infections, and diabetic dermopathy which is a condition that causes light brown patches on the skin.

7. Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition that can develop if blood glucose levels are too high for too long. The body starts burning fat for energy, leading to the production of ketones, which can make the blood more acidic.

8. Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, can occur when blood glucose levels fall below normal. It can cause symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, and even loss of consciousness.

9. Erectile dysfunction

Diabetes can affect the blood vessels and nerves that control erections, leading to erectile dysfunction in men.

10. Poor wound healing

High blood glucose levels can lead to poor circulation and reduced blood flow to wounds. This can result in slow healing and can increase the risk of infection.